نوروفیدبک - مرکز مشاوره اسپادانا
نوروفیدبک
نوروفیدبک روشی درمانی است که با آموختن چگونگی کنترل و بهرهگیری از امواج مغزی، باعث افزایش توان در عملکرد فکری میگردد. امروزه این روش عمدتاً در درمان اختلال پرتحرکی و کمتمرکزی در کودکان بیشفعال مورد استفاده قرار گرفته و باعث تقویت تمرکز، سازماندهی افکار و اعمال و نتیجتاً کاهش در انجام اعمال تکانشی، هیجانی و تحرک بیش از حد در آنها میشود.
نوروفیدبک در درمان اختلال یادگیری هم مؤثر است.
با این روش میتوان مشکلاتی مانند افسردگی، اضطراب، وسواس، میگرن و… را که بعضاً در اثر بههمریختگی امواج مغزی بهوجود میآیند را نیز کنترل و درمان نمود.
بسیاری از ورزشکاران حرفهای فوتبال و شطرنج هم از نوروفیدبک استفاده میکنند تا دقت و سازماندهی افکارشان را افزایش دهند. این روش، تصمیمگیری، برنامهریزی و کنترل هیجان را تقویت میکند.
نوروفیدبک چگونه اثر میکند؟
طی سالها تحقیق و تجربه، دانشمندان دریافتهاند هر فعالیتی مربوط به یک قسمت خاص از مغز است. مثلاً موقعی که احتیاج به فکر کردن داریم قسمت خاصی از مغز مشغول به کار میشود و اگر این قسمت از مغز خوب کار کند امواج خاصی ایجاد میکند. در نوروفیدبک به ما آموزش داده میشود که این امواج مغزی را تقویت کنیم تا بهتر فکر کنیم.
دستگاه نوروفیدبک چگونه کار میکند؟
دستگاه نوروفیدبک امواج مغز را به کامپیوتر برده و آن را تجزیه و تحلیل میکند. روی مانیتور کامپیوتر میتوانیم امواج مغزی را ببینیم. نوروتراپ (یا کسی که مسئول دستگاه نوروفیدبک است) دستگاه را طوری برنامهریزی میکند که ما بتوانیم امواج مفید مغزمان را برای حرکت دادن تصاویر روی صفحه تلویزیون بهکار گیریم.
بنابراین ما صفحهی کامپیوتر را میبینیم و با بهکار گرفتن امواج مفید مغزمان تصاویر آن را تغییر میدهیم. مثلاً یک قایق را حرکت میدهیم. بهتدریج ما یاد میگیریم چگونه این کار را سریعتر و مداومتر انجام دهیم. در حقیقت یاد گرفتهایم چگونه امواج مفید را در آن قسمت از مغزمان ایجاد کنیم.
دستگاه نوروفیدبک چه شکلی است؟
نوروفیدبک یک کامپیوتر دارد. دو یا سه رشته سیم با چسب مخصوص روی سر ما گذاشته میشود. ما به صفحهی کامپیوتر (مانیتور) نگاه میکنیم و در هر جلسه چند بازی کامپیوتری انجام میدهیم. البته نه با دست بلکه با نگاه کردن به صفحه کامپیوتر یا شنیدن صدای آن. بهتدریج یاد میگیریم چگونه امواج مفید مغزی را ایجاد کنیم.
چند جلسه نوروفیدبک لازم است؟
برای هر کس فرق میکند، ممکن است خیلی زود یاد بگیریم امواج مغزمان را تنظیم کنیم یا خیلی دیر. بعضیها هم اصلاً نمیتوانند یاد بگیرند. برای اختلالی مثل پرتحرکی و کمبود تمرکز، 30 الی 40 جلسه توصیه شده است که بهتر است 2 تا 3 جلسه در هفته انجام شود.
تا چه حد نوروفیدبک اثر میگذارد؟
اگر بتوانیم امواج مغزی خود را با نوروفیدبک تنظیم نمائیم حتماً اثرات خوبش را هم میبینیم ولی در موارد کمی ممکن است نتوانیم یاد بگیریم امواج را تغییر دهیم و هیچ اثری نبینیم.
آیا نوروفیدبک ضرر ندارد؟
چون درمانگر با ارزیابی دقیق و برنامهریزی صحیح کار میکند. هیچ ضرری به ما وارد نمیشود. همچنین هیچ موج یا اشعهای وارد مغز یا بدن نمیشود. فقط امواج مغزی توسط الکترودها در صفحه مانیتور نشان داده میشوند.
هزینهی آموزش نوروفیدبک چقدر است؟
نوروفیدبک دستگاه بسیار پیشرفته و گرانی است. هر جلسه آموزش، بین نیم ساعت تا یک ساعت طول میکشد و نیاز به دقت و برنامهریزی مناسب برای تنظیم امواج مغزی توسط نوروتراپیست است.
با این حال نرخ درمان براساس زمان رواندرمانی توسط ادارههای دولتی تعیین شده است و البته این هزینه در پایتخت بسیار بالاتر است.
برای متخصصین
نوروفیدبک (Neurofeedback) نوعی از بیوفیدبک (Biofeedback) است که به روش شرطی¬سازی عامل (Operant Conditioning) به مراجع یاد میدهد امواج مغزی خود را تغییر دهد. نوروتراپیست (Nurotherapit) ابتدا با تهیه امواج پایه (Baseline) در حالات مختلف باز یا بسته بودن چشم و طی اعمال فعال و غیرفعال مغزی، پروتکل درمانی خود را طراحی میکند و دستگاه نوروفیدبک را براساس آن تنظیم مینماید.
پرتکل درمانی نشان میدهد در کدام قسمت مغز، چه امواجی کاهش و چه امواجی افزایش مییابند.
طی جلسهd درمان، نوروتراپیست در کنار مراجع قرار گرفته و به طور مداوم او را تحتنظر دارد و با تنظیمات مکرر دستگاه، باعث فیدبک مناسب به مراجع میشود. طی یک جلسه بیش از دو هزار فیدبک مثبت دریافت میشود و هیچگونه بازخورد منفی داده نمیشود. به¬تدریج مراجع یاد میگیرد مغز خود را چگونه تنظیم نماید تا فیدبک بیشتری دریافت کند.
با تغییر امواج، تغییر رفتار، خلق، تکانشگری، آرامش، تمرکز و سازماندگی افکار را شاهد هستیم.
تئوری نوروفیدبک از بیش از صد سال قبل مطرح شد ولی طی دو دهه اخیر است که با پیشرفت تکنولوژی در زمینهی تجزیه و تحلیل امواج مغزی و برنامهریزی کامپیوتری به کاربردی کردن این تئوریها دست یافتهایم. نوروفیدبک در درمان اختلالات زیر به کار گرفته شده و تأثیر درمانی آن اثبات شده است.

مرکز مشاوره اسپادانا در شهر اصفهان فعالیت دارد. این مرکز مشاوره، افتخار دارد که کادری مجهز و زبده از روانشناس ها و روانپزشکان را در کنار خود داشته باشد.
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